Hydraulic oil can be defined as a non-compressible fluid which is used to transfer power in hydraulic machinery. Along with this, it also removes contaminants and helps in lubrication and sealing.
There are two types of Hydraulic oils - mineral oils, which are extracted by refining naturally occurring crude oils and synthetic oils that are engineered by chemical synthesis.
Hydraulic oil has many uses. It is used in heavy machinery like forklifts, excavators, cranes, bulldozers for lifting, drilling, digging, moving material and other operations. This oil is also used in vital systems onboard aircrafts such as the landing gear, flaps on the wings, hydraulic motors and pumps among others. It also finds application in the marine industry in ships and boats, where it is used in the steering system, anchor windlasses, thrusters, and shell doors. Lastly, hydraulic fluids are used in automobiles in hydraulic braking systems.
Hydraulic oils are used to lubricate hydraulic systems, eliminate heat and contaminants and reduce wear and tear of the parts. In short, it ensures the longevity of your equipment.
Hydraulic oils have three essential properties that you need to keep in mind when choosing one for your car.
Grade of the oil
Grade of the oil denotes the operating temperature of the oil. It is an indication of how temperature can affect the viscosity or thickness of the oil. There are two primary grades of oil- monograde and multi-grade.
Monograde oil- Monograde oil typically has the same viscosity at all temperatures. It is perfect for older engines and equipment running continuously.
Multi-grade oil- Multi-grade oil remains operational across a wide range of temperatures. It has different viscosities at higher and lower temperatures. Therefore, it can be used in all seasons throughout the year.
The viscosity of hydraulic oils reduces at cold temperatures. It reduces their lubricating ability and might even cause your equipment to get stuck. On the other hand, these fluids thin down at high temperatures. They may lose their lubricating ability and give rise to slipping and even damage your equipment. Hence, multi-grade oils having different viscosities at cold and hot temperatures are preferred over those having a single viscosity grade.
Addition of detergent
An additive known as a detergent is added to hydraulic fluids to help remove the contaminants resulting from trapped dust and dirt or the debris from wear and tear in the engine. Detergents are necessary for regions where there is an excess of dust. The climate of the Middle East, being dry, arid and dusty, makes your equipment more susceptible to contaminant build-up. Therefore, hydraulic oil with detergent will be more suitable for such environments.
Addition of anti-wear additives
These additives are added to the oil to protect the equipment against damage caused by metal-to-metal contact in hydraulic systems. They are of particular importance where the equipment is under high pressure, like air compressors.
Note: Avoid mixing two or more different hydraulic oils
Oils are graded carefully by the manufacturer. Any mixing of oil can interfere and even lead to the loss of their lubricating properties. Also, additives are added to a hydraulic fluid after taking into account the properties of all the constituents. Mixing two or more oils may cause chemical reactions, which may corrode and damage the hydraulic machinery.
Go for top-quality oils manufactured by reputed brands. Remember to buy the oil that suits your machinery and the environment they operate in for long-lasting performance and efficiency.